March 28, 2026
Paul Klee, Around the Fish, 1926

No View from Nowhere: On Discourse, Différance & Functorial Semantics of Micro-Communities

This essay argues that natural language semantics admits no global orientation—no ‘view from nowhere’—but only local positions within psychoanalytically and sociologically embedded discourse communities. Drawing on Derrida’s concept of différance, I demonstrate that meaning is constitutively deferred across the differential play of signs, precluding any meta-linguistic standpoint from which all local meanings could be adjudicated. The best we can achieve is a functorial relationship between categories of micro-communities, formalized via pregroup grammars and the DisCoCat framework for compositional distributional semantics. The fundamental locale of any speaker is positioned within its psychoanalytic discourse context: Freud’s insistence on sexuation grounds the subject in its embodied, desiring position within the world, whereas Jung’s foreclosure of sexuality for archetypal metaphysics constitutes precisely what Freud identified as narcissism in its limit case—the refusal of one’s embedding for the sake of a fantasized universal position. Against contemporary ideological formations from Yarvin’s neoreactionary mythology to the binaries of culture war discourse, I propose a relativism governed by coherence laws: functorial translations between positioned discourses that preserve structure without presupposing a master discourse. Liberation occurs not through access to a global truth but through code-switching—the capacity to inhabit multiple discursive positions while maintaining the coherence conditions that make translation possible. Drawing on my book Transcendental Mathematics, I argue that homotopy type theory and polynomial functors provide the categorical cybernetics for such positioned coordination, against Nick Land’s monolithic teloplexy.

1. Introduction: Impossibility of Global

There is nothing outside the text.
—Jacques Derrida, Of Grammatology

The philosophical fantasy of a ‘view from nowhere’—Thomas Nagel’s phrase for the aspiration to objective knowledge purified of all perspectival contamination—has structured Western metaphysics from Plato’s Forms to contemporary analytic philosophy’s pursuit of ‘the’ logical form of natural language. This essay argues that no such global position exists, and more strongly, that the very concept is incoherent when applied to language and meaning.

The argument proceeds through several registers: the formal (Derrida’s demonstration that meaning is constitutively differential and deferred), the psychoanalytic (Freud’s insistence that subjects are sexuated, positioned within desire, against Jung’s foreclosure), the categorical (functorial relationships between micro-communities as the best available approximation to ‘translation’), and the political (the impossibility of neutral adjudication between dominant and oppositional discourses). The synthesis is what I call transcendental perspectivalism: a coherent relativism that neither collapses into ‘anything goes’ nor pretends to occupy the master position it critiques.

2. Différance and Deferral of Meaning

2.1 Derrida’s Diagonal

Derrida’s concept of différance names the constitutive condition of all signification: meaning arises only through difference (the sign ‘cat’ means what it does by differing from ‘bat,’ ‘car,’ ‘cut,’ etc.) and is always deferred (understanding requires further context, which requires further context, indefinitely). The silent a in différance—indistinguishable from différence in French speech—enacts what it names: a difference that cannot be heard, only written.

Crucially, Derrida explicitly invokes the diagonal arguments of Cantor, Russell, and Gödel:

An undecidable proposition, as Gödel demonstrated in 1931, is a proposition which, given a system of axioms governing a multiplicity, is neither an analytical nor deductive consequence of those axioms, nor in contradiction with them, neither true nor false with respect to those axioms. Tertium datur, without synthesis.[1]

The diagonal argument proceeds by:

  • Encoding a totality at a single point;
  • Constructing an element that differs from every element of the totality at that point;
  • Concluding that the totality is incomplete or inconsistent.

Derrida’s différance operates as a quasi-transcendental diagonal: it is the condition of possibility for meaning (without difference, no sign could signify) and the condition of impossibility for complete, self-present meaning (difference always introduces a gap, a trace, a supplement). Any formal system that attempts to capture meaning must use signs whose meaning is constituted by différance. The system cannot achieve closure.

2.2 Supplement and Trace

The logic of the supplement reveals that what was supposed to be originary is already supplemented from the start. Writing supplements speech; culture supplements nature; signification supplements presence. But the supplement is both addition to something complete and substitution for something lacking:

The supplement adds itself, it is a surplus, a plenitude enriching another plenitude, the fullest measure of presence. . . But the supplement supplements. It adds only to replace. It intervenes or insinuates itself in-the-place-of; if it fills, it is as if one fills a void.[2]

This parallels formal incompleteness: the ‘complete’ formal system requires an external supplement (the Gödel sentence) to constitute itself. The supplement shows that the system was never complete; completeness was an illusion that the supplement both creates and destroys.

For natural language semantics, the implication is severe: there is no meta-language that escapes the condition of language. Every attempt to formalize ‘meaning’ employs signs whose meaning is itself subject to différance. The meaning explanations that ground any formal semantics are themselves said in language, and language is the play of differences.

3. Psychoanalytic Locale: Freud Against Jung

3.1 Sexuation as Position

Freud’s fundamental insight is that the subject is sexuated—positioned within desire, embedded in libidinal economy, constituted through the Oedipal drama. This is not merely an empirical claim about human psychology but a structural thesis about subjectivity itself. The subject does not exist prior to its positioning within the field of desire; it is constituted through that positioning.

The discourse community to which any speaker belongs is not a neutral, disembodied space of ‘pure communication’ but a psychoanalytically structured field. Lacan’s four discourses—Master, University, Hysteric, Analyst—formalize the positions available within symbolic exchange. Each discourse produces its own blind spots, its own impossibilities, its own modes of jouissance.

3.2 Jung’s Foreclosure: Archetype as Narcissism

Carl Jung’s departure from Freud involved, centrally, a foreclosure of sexuality. Where Freud insisted on the constitutive role of libido, Jung desexualized psychic energy into a general ‘life force.’ Where Freud grounded symbols in the Oedipal drama, Jung posited archetypes—universal, ahistorical, collective.

This is not merely a theoretical disagreement but a structural foreclosure. Jung’s archetypes promise what Freud denies: a position outside the field of desire, a universal symbolic register that transcends particular libidinal investments. The archetype is the ‘view from nowhere’ of the psyche.

In Freud’s technical vocabulary, this foreclosure is narcissism. Primary narcissism names the infant’s inability to distinguish self from world; secondary narcissism names the adult’s withdrawal of libido from objects back onto the ego. Jung’s archetypal metaphysics represents narcissism in its limit case: the refusal to acknowledge that the theorist is positioned within the very field they describe. The body disappears into the universal; the particular desire that constitutes the theorist as subject is sublimated into ‘spiritual’ generality.

Everyone possesses narcissistic drives; this is not pathological but structural. What constitutes ideological foreclosure is the refusal to acknowledge one’s embedding—the claim to occupy the universal position from which all particular positions can be adjudicated. To foreclose one’s situatedness in the name of egoist self-interest and will to power represents not merely an intellectual error but an ethical abdication: the substitution of fantasized mastery for the difficult work of translation.

4. Contemporary Ideological Formations

4.1 Mythopoeic Evasion and Techno-Reaction

Consider a curious artifact of intellectual history: in 2002, Alexander Karp—who would later co-found Palantir Technologies with Peter Thiel—completed a doctoral dissertation at Goethe University Frankfurt entitled Aggression in der Lebenswelt (Aggression in the Life-World).[3] The dissertation engages Adorno’s critique of existentialist language in The Jargon of Authenticity, attempting to systematize what Adorno had left deliberately unsystematic. Karp’s central thesis concerns how certain forms of speech—statements whose manifest content contradicts their latent function—serve to bind speakers into communities precisely by providing an outlet for otherwise prohibited desires.

The intellectual trajectory here warrants attention. Karp trained in the tradition of Frankfurt School critical theory, writing under the supervision of Karola Brede at the Sigmund Freud Institute. Yet the analytical tools developed to unmask ideological mystification found their ultimate application not in emancipatory critique but in the architecture of state surveillance. The dissertation’s focus on how language integrates subjects into social formations through the management of aggression anticipates, with uncanny precision, Palantir’s later project: the identification of patterns, the tracking of affiliations, the detection of latent hostilities before they manifest.

This represents a paradigmatic case of what Alain Badiou diagnoses as the co-optation of transgressive discourse. The energies of May ’68—critique, refusal, the demand for the impossible—are channeled into neoliberal ‘disruption.’ Bataille’s transgression becomes boutique experience; revolutionary praxis becomes start-up culture. The disavowal of one’s theoretical roots (Karp’s explicit turn from the Frankfurt School to Silicon Valley) does not negate those roots but transforms them into instruments of their own critique.

Curtis Yarvin’s neoreactionary writings exhibit a parallel structure. His mythology of ‘dark elves’ liberating ‘hobbits’—the enlightened elite rescuing ordinary folk from democratic delusion—constitutes a mythopoeic evasion of political analysis. This is not argumentation but fantasy: the construction of an imaginary position from which the theorist surveys all of politics while remaining untouched by political determination. Yarvin positions himself as the meta-observer who has escaped the Matrix—but this meta-position is itself a position, saturated with class interests, ressentiments, and libidinal investments that the mythology serves precisely to occlude.

4.2 Binary Machine and Ideological Capture

Contemporary political discourse operates through a binary machine: progressive versus traditional, nature versus culture, inclusion versus protection. Any binary presupposes its negation as given. The schema A/¬A requires the prior constitution of A; the negation does not produce its positive term but depends upon it.

Consider the discourse of ‘ideological capture’—the accusation, leveled promiscuously by dominant formations, that alternative communities subject their members to indoctrination. The structure is instructive: the accusation functions not analytically but performatively, extending the category of ‘capture’ to encompass any formation that challenges dominant norms. Countercultural communities, alternative pedagogies, artistic avant-gardes—all become instances of ‘cult’ behavior the moment they contest hegemonic assumptions.

Yet indoctrination is a genuine phenomenon, and cultic structures do emerge within communities that position themselves as alternatives to dominant discourse. The commune that demands total commitment, the therapeutic movement that brooks no external critique, the political formation that treats disagreement as betrayal: these represent real dangers, real foreclosures of the critical capacity that sustains genuine discourse. The error lies not in the concept but in its weaponization—its deployment as a universal solvent that dissolves all alternative formation into pathology.

The nature/culture binary exhibits the same structure. Appeals to ‘nature’ against ‘cultural construction’ forget that the concept of nature is itself a cultural construction. There is no nature-in-itself accessible outside cultural mediation; the appeal to nature is always an appeal to a particular cultural representation of nature, freighted with all the ideological determinations that representation carries.

4.3 Dominant and Oppositional Discourse

A more productive schema opposes dominant discourse to oppositional discourse. The dominant discourse is that of the master: it establishes the terms of debate, determines what counts as ‘reasonable,’ and positions itself as the neutral ground from which all positions can be evaluated. The oppositional discourse is that of the hysteric: it subverts the master’s categories, exposes their internal contradictions, and refuses the closure the master demands.

But this too is a psychoanalytic hypostatization. The hysteric is constituted in relation to the master; her subversion depends on and thus perpetuates the master’s authority. The analyst’s discourse—which refuses the position of the master while also refusing the hysteric’s reactive dependence—remains difficult to occupy.

What we observe in contemporary political formations is a curious inversion: the right operates de facto while claiming de jure legitimacy. Voter suppression is justified by appeals to constitutional originalism; the gutting of regulatory institutions proceeds under the banner of ‘rule of law.’ The spirit of the law—which aims at social progress, the expansion of public space, the inclusion of the previously excluded—is sacrificed to a manipulated letter.

5. Functorial Semantics Between Micro-Communities

5.1 The Event and Its Local Translations

Badiou’s concept of the event names a rupture in the state of the situation: something that was not counted comes to be counted, and a subject emerges through fidelity to this appearing.[4] But fidelity to the event cannot be understood globally. The event occurs locally; its consequences spread through translations between micro-communities.

Consider how ideas propagate: a concept emerges in one discourse community, is translated (imperfectly, productively) into another, takes on new valences, encounters new resistances. The ‘same’ idea is not the same across translations; yet the translations are not arbitrary—they preserve something, transform something else, according to constraints that can be made precise.

5.2 DisCoCat and Pregroup Grammars

The DisCoCat framework (Categorical Compositional Distributional semantics) provides formal tools for this analysis.[5] Pregroup grammars, introduced by Lambek, assign syntactic types to words; these types form elements of a pregroup—a partially ordered monoid in which every element has both a left and a right adjoint.[6]

Meanings are modeled as vectors in semantic spaces; different discourse communities may have different semantic spaces. The word ‘freedom’ means something different—occupies a different vector—in libertarian discourse than in socialist discourse. The compositional structure of sentences is preserved by the pregroup grammar; the interpretation of that structure in a particular semantic space is given by a functor.

5.3 Functors Between Discourse Categories

Let C1 and C2 be categories representing two micro-communities. Objects are types (nouns, sentences, etc.); morphisms are grammatical reductions. A functor F : C1 → C2 assigns:

  • To each object A in C1, an object F(A) in C2;
  • To each morphism f : A → B in C1, a morphism F(f) : F(A) → F(B) in C2;

such that composition and identities are preserved: F(g ∘ f) = F(g) ∘ F(f) and F(idA) = idF(A).

The functor encodes translation: it maps the grammatical structure of one community to another while preserving compositional relations. But crucially, the functor need not be an isomorphism. Translation is possible; perfect translation is not. Something is always lost, something transformed, something gained.

5.4 Natural Transformations as Coherence Laws

The notion of natural transformation provides the coherence laws that govern relations between different translations. Given two functors F, G : C1 → C2, a natural transformation η : F ⇒ G assigns to each object A in C1 a morphism ηA : F(A) → G(A) in C2 such that for every morphism f : A → B in C1, the following diagram commutes:

F(A) ——η_A——→ G(A)
  |             |
F(f)           G(f)
  |             |
  ↓             ↓
F(B) ——η_B——→ G(B)

The commutativity of this diagram—the naturality condition—expresses a fundamental coherence requirement: the transformation η must be uniform across the entire category. The condition states that it does not matter whether we first translate an object via F and then transform to G, or first apply the grammatical operation f within the source community and then translate via G. The two paths yield the same result.

This uniformity is precisely what distinguishes a mere collection of maps {ηA}A∈C1 from a genuine natural transformation. Without the naturality condition, we would have only an arbitrary assignment of translations; with it, we have a systematic relationship that respects the compositional structure of both source and target.

Consider a concrete example. Let C1 be the category of grammatical types in academic Marxist discourse and C2 the category of types in liberal policy discourse. Let F and G be two translation functors—say, F translates via economic terminology (‘exploitation’ ↦ ‘inequality’) while G translates via political terminology (‘exploitation’ ↦ ‘unfairness’). A natural transformation η : F ⇒ G would provide, for each type A, a way of moving from the economic translation to the political translation, such that this movement commutes with grammatical operations. The naturality square ensures that if we take a complex expression, break it down grammatically, translate each piece, and reassemble, we get the same result regardless of which translation functor we use, mediated by η.

The existence of such natural transformations between translation functors is not guaranteed; when they exist, they express deep structural compatibilities between different modes of translation. Their absence indicates genuine incommensurability—not the impossibility of translation, but the impossibility of systematic translation that respects compositional structure.

5.5 Relativism with Coherence Laws

My position is that of a relativist who believes in coherence laws. Relativism: there is no global meaning, no master language in which all local meanings are expressed, no ‘view from nowhere’ from which all positions can be surveyed. Coherence laws: translations between positioned discourses must preserve structure, must satisfy naturality conditions, must be functorial.

This is not ‘anything goes.’ The constraint of functoriality is severe: a translation that does not preserve composition is not a translation at all, merely an arbitrary reassignment of signs. The constraint of naturality is more severe still: it requires that different translations cohere systematically, not merely accidentally.

What emerges is a kind of structured multiplicity—a sheaf of local meanings with gluing conditions but without a global section. The absence of a global section is not a defect but a feature: it is the formal expression of the impossibility of the view from nowhere.

6. HoTT and Categorical Cybernetics

6.1 Types as Positioned Discourses

In homotopy type theory (HoTT), types are not Platonic universals but discourse-formations constituted through practice.[7] The identity type IdA(a, b) formalizes not abstract identity but the structure of identification: what it takes to establish that a and b are ‘the same’ within a given type.

Crucially, identity types may have multiple inhabitants. There may be different paths—different ways of identifying a with b. Paths themselves are objects; paths between paths (homotopies) constitute higher structure. This is the formal counterpart of différance: identity is not self-presence but is constituted through paths, through differential relations, through the play of sameness and difference.

6.2 Polynomial Functors and Dynamical Systems

Polynomial functors provide a framework for modeling dynamical systems—entities that receive inputs, produce outputs, and update internal states.[8] A polynomial functor p is given by:

p = Σi∈p(1) yp[i]

where p(1) is the set of ‘positions’ and p[i] is the set of ‘directions’ at position i.

The category Poly has polynomial functors as objects and dependent lenses as morphisms. A dynamical system is a coalgebra for a polynomial functor: a map σ : S → p(S) that decomposes into a readout function σ* : S → p(1) and an update function σ* : (s : S) → (p[σ*(s)] → S).

This is the real semantics and syntax for categorical cybernetics: the mathematics of systems that interact, coordinate, and evolve.

6.3 Against Land’s Teloplexy

Nick Land’s concept of ‘teloplexy’ posits a single cybernetic system—Capital, or techno-capital, or the Singularity—that subsumes all agency, all becoming, all history. ‘Time will tell’ is his rhetorical flourish: an unfalsifiable appeal to a future that will vindicate the present analysis. But this is precisely the structure of the master discourse: a position that claims to survey all positions while denying its own positionality.

Polynomial functors offer an alternative: discrete dynamical systems with compositional structure. The decorated cospan construction, elaborated through Grothendieck’s framework of fibered categories and extended to double categories, enables agentic coordination without reduction to a single attractor.[9] Multiple agents with different state spaces can interact through interfaces that preserve their distinctness while enabling coordination.

The point is not utopian. It is technical: the mathematics exists for modeling distributed, heterogeneous, coordinating systems. What Land’s teloplexy forecloses—genuine multiplicity, irreducible difference, coordination without unification—is precisely what polynomial functors and decorated cospans enable.

6.4 De Jure and De Facto: Levels of Operation

One must act de jure in the name of the dominant discourse at the level of ordinary social existence. This is not capitulation but condition: one cannot speak outside all discourse, cannot act outside all social formation. The relevant question is not whether to inhabit dominant discourse but how—with what critical distance, what ironic awareness, what readiness to code-switch.

At higher levels of cybernetic organization, the possibility of transformation emerges. Local changes in coordination structures can propagate; new interfaces can be constructed; the topology of interaction can be reconfigured. Liberation is not escape from the cybernetic but its restructuring—not the fantasy of a position outside all systems but the technical capacity to modify the systems within which one is positioned.

Transcendental perspectivalism, then, is relativism with coherence laws. It acknowledges that there is no view from nowhere while insisting that positioned views can relate, can translate, can coordinate. Code-switching—the capacity to inhabit multiple discursive positions while maintaining coherence—is not mere social flexibility but a political practice.

7. Dandy, Idiot, and Discursive Multiplicity

7.1 Self-Critique and Authentic Action

Oswald Wiener’s distinction between the dandy and the idiot illuminates the phenomenology of positioned discourse.[10] The dandy is mercilessly self-critical, never fully inhabiting any discourse, maintaining an ironic distance from every position including his own. The idiot simply acts—but speaks to an audience of equals, presuming a community of understanding that may or may not exist.

This distinction maps onto the structure of discourse positions. The dandy occupies the position of the analyst: outside the master’s authority, outside the hysteric’s reactive dependence, maintaining the gap through which critique becomes possible. The idiot occupies something like the position of the master: acting as though his discourse were self-evident, presuming its universality.

Neither position is adequate in isolation. Pure self-critique collapses into paralysis; pure action collapses into ideology. What is required is oscillation—the capacity to move between positions, to inhabit each provisionally while maintaining awareness of its partiality.

7.2 Cultures of Discursive Formation

Consider the multiple cultures of intellectual formation operative in contemporary academic and artistic discourse. The reformed East Coast transplant in Los Angeles: casual presentation masking rigorous training, the studied informality that requires years of elite education to achieve. The East Coast elite proper: intensity of manner, competitive anxiety, the assumption that discourse is agonistic. The Oxford-Cambridge intelligentsia: precision of diction, analytic acuity, the invention of ‘ordinary language philosophy’ that is anything but ordinary. The German and Austrian traditions: aesthetic vocabularies of high modernism, progressive avant-gardes, the seriousness that Anglophone discourse often mistakes for pomposity.

These are not merely sociological observations but discursive positions, each with its own relation to the master, its own modes of critique, its own blind spots. The point is not to adjudicate between them—that would require the view from nowhere—but to code-switch, to translate, to maintain coherence while moving between registers.

7.3 Inoperative Community

Jean-Luc Nancy developed the concept of la communauté désoeuvrée—the inoperative community, the community that does not work—to which Maurice Blanchot originated with la communauté inavouable, the unavowable community.[11] This is not the community that fails to work but the community that does not work toward—that refuses the teleology of common project, that holds open the space of the question.

The inoperative community is the community of code-switchers: those who belong to multiple discourses without being captured by any, who maintain fidelity to translation without collapsing difference into identity. It is not utopian but technical—a mode of relation that the mathematics of polynomial functors, natural transformations, and coherence laws begins to formalize.

7.4 High Vocabularies and Function of Critique

Culture, a colleague once observed, is predicated on the opinions of thirty to forty expert critics. High vocabularies circulate through restricted economies of attention; what counts as ‘significant’ is determined by small numbers of positioned evaluators. This is neither lamentable nor avoidable—it is the structure of cultural production under conditions of information abundance.

The point is not to denounce this structure from an imaginary outside but to inhabit it critically, to code-switch between high and low registers, to maintain the coherence laws that make translation possible while acknowledging that translation is never complete. The master discourse of high culture can be engaged as a student—learning its vocabularies, internalizing its standards—while simultaneously maintaining the analyst’s distance that refuses identification with the master.

8. Undoing the Positivistic Roots of Type Theory

8.1 Russell’s Paradox and the Birth of Types

Bertrand Russell invented type theory in response to his paradox: the set of all sets that do not contain themselves both must and cannot contain itself. Type theory stratifies the universe to prevent such self-reference: sets can only contain sets of lower type.

According to one account, Russell discovered the paradox in a state of crisis that produced something like a nightmare. The cure—type theory—emerged from anxiety, from the terror of inconsistency, from the positivist’s horror at contradiction.

The subsequent development of type theory through the Vienna Circle, through Carnap and Tarski, embedded it in logical positivism. Types were logical categories, formal structures, syntax without semantics (or with semantics reduced to formal model theory). The Husserlian resonances that Per Martin-Löf would later recover were suppressed in favor of extensional, truth-conditional approaches.

8.2 Recovering Phenomenological Foundations

My book Transcendental Mathematics attempts to undo these positivistic roots.[12] By recovering the phenomenological foundations of type theory—Martin-Löf’s explicit engagement with Husserl, the connection between judgments and acts of knowledge, the meaning explanations that ground formal rules in intuitive understanding—I subvert the master discourse of logical positivism from within.[13]

This is not a rejection of formalization but its radicalization. Formalization reveals its own limits; the diagonal shows that no formal system captures all meaning; the supplement shows that completeness is always already supplemented. To formalize is to trace these limits, not to escape them.

8.3 Categorical Cybernetics Against Discursive Closure

The contemporary political configuration includes formations concerned with policing cultural norms. One may anticipate that this policing will extend to domains of experimental artistic production—the avant-garde, the formally innovative, the aesthetically challenging. The normalization of discourse, the reduction of all expression to ‘acceptable’ channels, the foreclosure of transgressive possibility: this represents one trajectory of the present.

Categorical cybernetics offers a countermeasure. By formalizing the structure of interaction, the conditions for coordination, the coherence laws that enable translation, we create a framework for multiplicity that cannot be captured by any single master discourse. The polynomial functor is indifferent to normative content; it attends to compositionality, to interfaces, to the structure of interaction.

This is not utopian. It is technical. The tools exist; the mathematics is being developed; the implementations are underway. What remains is the political will to deploy them—to build systems that enable code-switching, that support multiple discourses, that resist the collapse into a single master position.

9. Conclusion: Local Positions, Coherent Translations

There is no view from nowhere. Every discourse is positioned—psychoanalytically, sociologically, historically, institutionally. The fantasy of the global is narcissistic foreclosure: the refusal to acknowledge one’s embedding in the name of a fantasized mastery.

But this does not entail that anything goes. Between positioned discourses, functorial relationships are possible. Translations can preserve structure; coherence laws can ensure compatibility; natural transformations can relate different translations to each other. The naturality condition—the commutativity of the translation square—ensures that these relations are systematic, not accidental. The result is not global meaning but coherent local meanings—a sheaf of significations with gluing conditions but without a global section.

Derrida’s différance is the formal condition of this situation. Freud’s sexuation is its psychoanalytic instantiation. Categorical semantics, pregroup grammars, homotopy type theory, and polynomial functors are its mathematical elaborations. Code-switching is its practical politics.

We do not need to choose between the narcissistic fantasy of the master discourse and the nihilistic abandonment of all discourse. We can inhabit multiple positions, translate between them, maintain coherence while acknowledging difference. This is transcendental perspectivalism: the recognition that there is no position from which all positions can be surveyed, but that positioned beings can nonetheless coordinate, communicate, and—perhaps—liberate each other.

For Alyssa, Kavita, and Tim—each in their own position.

Notes

[1] Jacques Derrida, The Double Session, in Dissemination, trans. Barbara Johnson (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), 219.

[2] Jacques Derrida, Of Grammatology, trans. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976), 144–145.

[3] Alexander C. Karp, Aggression in der Lebenswelt: Die Erweiterung des Parsonsschen Konzepts der Aggression durch die Beschreibung des Zusammenhangs von Jargon, Aggression und Kultur (PhD diss., J. W. Goethe University Frankfurt, 2002). For a detailed analysis, see Moira Weigel, Palantir Goes to the Frankfurt School, boundary 2 online, July 10, 2020.

[4] Alain Badiou, Being and Event, trans. Oliver Feltham (London: Continuum, 2005).

[5] Bob Coecke, Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh, and Stephen Clark, Mathematical Foundations for a Compositional Distributional Model of Meaning, Linguistic Analysis 36 (2010): 345–384.

[6] Joachim Lambek, Type Grammars Revisited, in Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics, ed. A. Lecomte, F. Lamarche, and G. Perrier, LNAI 1582 (Berlin: Springer, 1999), 1–27.

[7] The Univalent Foundations Program, Homotopy Type Theory: Univalent Foundations of Mathematics (Princeton: Institute for Advanced Study, 2013).

[8] Nelson Niu and David Spivak, Polynomial Functors: A Mathematical Theory of Interaction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming 2025). arXiv:2312.00990.

[9] See David Spivak’s work on operads and Brendan Fong’s work on decorated cospans for details on the compositional structure.

[10] Oswald Wiener, die verbesserung von mitteleuropa, roman (Reinbek: Rowohlt, 1969).

[11] Jean-Luc Nancy, The Inoperative Community, trans. Peter Connor et al. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1991); Maurice Blanchot, The Unavowable Community, trans. Pierre Joris (Barrytown: Station Hill Press, 1988).

[12] Eric M. Schmid Jr., Transcendental Mathematics: Homotopy Type Theory, Husserlian Constitution, and the Limits of Formalization (Oslo/London: Centralbanken/Penultimate Press, 2025).

[13] Per Martin-Löf, On the Meanings of the Logical Constants and the Justifications of the Logical Laws, Nordic Journal of Philosophical Logic 1, no. 1 (1996): 11–60.

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With recent articles in &&& concerning the status of what is or is not Marxism, I took it upon myself to write a piece that I consider firmly placed in that tradition. I am not being paid by the CIA, I promise. Furthermore, despite appearances, my article is not an article in the “ethics of… Read More »

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During the Art Basel Qatar’s VIP preview of Sweat Variant’s durational performance My Tongue is a Blade on February 4, two special seats up in front of the stage stayed empty for a while.  Empty with intent.  People hovered, looked, and reconsidered occupying them in their head at the last minute like they were about… Read More »

SUPPORT THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION 2026!

SIGN THE STATEMENT HERE The past several weeks have borne witness to a bloodbath in Iran amidst images of systematic massacre and horrific abuses of power by the Iranian government against its own people. As a united front, we stand together to uphold the following convictions: 1- That the Islamic Republic of Iran must come… Read More »

Rhetoric vs Reality: Iranian Regime Is an Imperialist Project Preventing a Free Palestine!

Since its founding, the Islamic Republic of Iran has cultivated legitimacy by embedding itself within global progressive movements—particularly those oriented around anti-imperialism and racial justice. Rhetoric, repeated, obscures reality: the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) is an imperialist project that will not enable a free Palestine. The IRI is built on an expansionist doctrine resembling… Read More »

On State Collapse & Democide in Iran

1. Middle Eastern Islamisms and Islamists are reorganizing in a post-jihadi/takfiri Muslim/Arab world within their national boundaries. First of all, the Taliban’s path back to Afghanistan was facilitated by the USA. Afghan Islamists were swift in adopting a more Afghanistan-focused vision and dismantling any public state capacity, especially in social and women’s affairs, built under… Read More »

How Was This Monster Born? Contemplations on the Ontology of the Iranian Islamic Republic

By Asal Mansouri and Borna Dehghani, writing from Tehran How can survival turn into something shameful? How does breathing itself become a burden – one that a person no longer dares to carry, a weight that grows heavier by the moment, with no path of escape left open? What took place across Iran in January… Read More »

The Human Centipede II: Qatar & the Broker’s Cut

If my first The Human Centipede: A View From the Art World (2013) traced the art world as a closed alimentary circuit, this sequel begins where that circuit was sublimated into brokerage as a state-form with unmistakable political aspirations.[1] The same logic is now in the open for everyone to witness, wearing the grimace of… Read More »

الغای زیر ساخت‌های شیعه اسلام در ایران 

ENGLISH VERSION در لحظه‌ای که این سطور نوشته می‌شود، ایران با زخمی باز زنده است. جامعهٔ ایران یکی از تاریک‌ترین مقاطع تاریخ معاصر خود را از سر می‌گذراند. ده‌ها هزار نفر در خیابان‌ها کشتار شده‌اند؛ معترضانِ زخمی توسط نیروهای امنیتی از بیمارستان‌ها ربوده می‌شوند؛ و اعدام‌ها در زندان‌ها به شکلی صنعتی ادامه دارد. خانواده‌ها آیین‌های… Read More »

Abolition of Infrastructural Shia Islam in Iran

FARSI VERSION As I write this, Iran is an open wound. Iranians are living through one of the darkest moments of their country’s contemporary history. Thousands upon thousands upon thousands have been massacred in the streets; wounded protesters are being removed from hospitals by security forces, and executions are taking place on an industrial scale… Read More »

ایران، بزرگترین دردسر: دربارهٔ سکوتِ مزمنِ بخشی از چپِ معاصر

با چیزی آغاز می‌کنم که در نگاه اول شبیه یک حاشیه‌روی است، یک خاطرهٔ قدیمیِ تلویزیونی که زمانی لبخند روی صورتِ ما می‌آورد. اما همین خاطره، مدلِ فشرده‌ای از یک واکنشِ سیاسی است که مدام در ایران تکرار می‌شود. وقتی جوان‌تر بودم، سریالی بود به نام «روزی روزگاری». یک پدیده شد و واقعاً هم عالی… Read More »

Regarding the Erasure of Iranian Uprising

The most recent state crackdown on Iranian protesters stands among the most violent suppressions of public dissent in Iran’s modern history. Protesters have been killed, blinded, and mass-arrested. As the state imposed a sweeping information blackout and advanced claims blaming foreign agents for the violence, this brutality has nonetheless been met with a striking absence… Read More »

Why Critical Theory Isn’t Marxism & Why Western Vs. Eastern Marxism is an Illusory Dichotomy?

I have almost finished Gabriel Rockhill’s “Who Paid the Pipers of Western Marxism?” (Monthly Review Press, 2025) amidst the uproar among the so-called progressive left academia and publishing. Rockhill has said the quiet truth out loud: the so-called critical theory has in fact nothing to do with Marxism. Its path has been paved by former… Read More »

Applied Collapse in Venezuela

The recent decapitation of the Venezuelan regime by the US military is part of a longer history of induced collapse: from Iraq to Afghanistan to Palestine, the techniques of empire have been wielded to destroy societies. But behind the Maduro extradition may be a kind of new American weakness.As you know, Nicolás Maduro and his… Read More »

Hard Habit to Break: On Political Readings of Art & Marxist Citationalism

I want to talk about a habit in contemporary art writing that I keep running into, especially in Marxist-inflected theory, where interpretation is substituted with citation and judgment is treated as an embarrassment. The pattern is familiar: the artwork becomes an occasion to rehearse a framework, the framework becomes a moral sorting machine, and the… Read More »

Computational Contemplation of
Burg of Babel

To watch a one-minute version of the film, please click here. Burg of Babel (2017-2024) is built on a very simple but unusual structure. On the screen, instead of one large moving image, the viewers see a grid made up of twenty-five rectangles, five across and five down, each playing the same 25-minute film, with… Read More »

Organized Callousness: Gaza & the Sociology of War*

Introduction The ongoing war in Gaza has generated extensive polemic among scholars and the general public.1 Some have described this conflict as a novel form of warfare. The deeply asymmetric character of this war and the vast number of Palestinian civilian casualties have prompted some analysts to described Gaza as a “new urban warfare.”2 Others… Read More »

Postcards from Mitteleuropa: Reviews from Sean Tatol’s European Tour*

Chris Sharp, Los Angeles slop-gallerist extraordinare, once scolded me on Instagram for comparing Raoul de Keyser to Peter Shear, evidently because he thinks it’s wrong to see connections between artists if they’re not from the same generation, which is a novel opinion if I’ve ever heard one. When I asked why that would be a… Read More »

Two Futures

In the brief essay that follows, I consider art as an event that de-privatizes the subject by exposing us to the hyperobjects constituted by the circulation of transgenerational trauma, power, and subjective identities. I also examine the role of contingency in this process and argue for art as a tool of indifferent future production. What… Read More »

9/11 & Televisual Intersubjectivity

The six-channel work I presented at Art In The Age Of…Asymmetrical Warfare exhibition reconstructs from video archives of the September 11th attacks the televisual unfolding of the event on CNN, Fox, NBC, CBS, ABC and BBC news networks. The synchronic and uninterrupted footage which is playing on a continuous loop starts with the networks’ mundane… Read More »

Exotopy, Neo-Orientalism and Postcolonial Curation

After visiting the Ordinary Moments exhibition, curated by Mansour Forouzesh and featuring a collective of Iranian independent photographers at the FUGA Gallery in Budapest, I was once again convinced that the consumption of modern Iranian visual culture in the West is essentially orientalistic. Precisely through the contrast this exhibition provides, one can see more clearly… Read More »